Brazil Revives Uranium Exploration After Four Decades

Brazil's Strategic Move to Revitalize Uranium Exploration Amid Global Energy Demand

Editorial Team (ET)May 14, 2025

Brazil is set to re-enter the global uranium market after a 40-year hiatus, marking a significant shift in the country’s energy and mining sectors. The Brazilian fuel cycle company, Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil (INB), announced the launch of the Uranium Prospecting and Mining Partnership Programme, an ambitious initiative aimed at revitalizing the country's dormant uranium exploration efforts. This program, seeking partnerships with key players in the mining sector, is poised to explore areas of Brazil known for their substantial mineral potential.

The Need for Uranium Exploration

The decision to resume uranium exploration is driven by the growing need for a stable domestic supply of uranium to fuel Brazil’s nuclear power plants, including Angra I, II, and the soon-to-be-completed Angra III. Currently, Brazil’s uranium production falls short of meeting its domestic consumption, forcing the country to rely on imports. The completion of Angra III will further increase demand, making the resumption of exploration both timely and crucial.

Brazil’s Uranium Potential

Historically, Brazil has been recognized for its significant uranium reserves, estimated at around 210,000 tonnes, placing the country among the top global reserve holders. However, due to limited exploration and investment since the 1980s, much of this potential remains untapped. INB’s renewed exploration efforts could position Brazil as a leading uranium producer, potentially rivaling global leaders like Kazakhstan and Canada.

Strategic Partnerships

The Uranium Prospecting and Mining Partnership Programme is designed to foster collaborations between INB and both domestic and international mining companies. These partnerships will bring in advanced technologies and shared expertise, accelerating the exploration process and mitigating financial risks. The ultimate goal is to increase uranium production, not only to meet Brazil’s domestic needs but also to create a surplus for export.

Current Uranium Production

At present, Brazil’s uranium production is centered around the Lagoa Real/Caetité mine in Bahia state, which has a capacity of 340 tU per year. However, this output is insufficient to meet the country’s annual uranium requirements of approximately 339 tU, highlighting the urgency of expanding exploration and production. In 2022, Brazil produced only 43 tU, all of which was used domestically after conversion and enrichment abroad.

Economic and Strategic Implications

The economic implications of resuming uranium exploration are significant. By increasing its uranium production, Brazil could not only secure its energy future but also generate substantial revenue through exports. The global demand for uranium is on the rise, driven by a renewed interest in nuclear energy as a low-carbon power source. Brazil’s vast reserves and strategic location make it an attractive supplier to the international market.

Environmental and Technological Considerations

While the resumption of uranium exploration presents economic opportunities, it also raises environmental concerns. Uranium mining has historically been associated with environmental risks, including radiation and contamination. However, advances in mining technology and stringent regulatory frameworks can mitigate these risks, ensuring that exploration and production are conducted responsibly.

The Role of Nuclear Power in Brazil’s Energy Strategy

Nuclear power plays a crucial role in Brazil’s energy strategy, providing a reliable source of low-carbon energy. With the completion of Angra III, Brazil’s reliance on nuclear power is set to increase, further underscoring the importance of a stable domestic uranium supply. By producing its own uranium, Brazil can reduce its dependence on foreign suppliers and ensure the uninterrupted operation of its nuclear power plants.

International Collaborations

In recent years, Brazil has strengthened its international collaborations to secure a stable supply of nuclear fuel. In December 2022, INB signed a contract with Russia’s Rosatom for the supply of 330 tU in the form of natural UF6 for the Angra nuclear power plant. Additionally, in May 2023, INB signed three contracts with Westinghouse to supply advanced fuel assemblies for Angra 1 reloads. These partnerships highlight Brazil’s commitment to maintaining a robust and diversified nuclear fuel supply chain.

Conclusion

Brazil’s decision to resume uranium exploration marks a pivotal moment in the country’s energy and mining sectors. With vast reserves and strategic partnerships, Brazil is well-positioned to become a key player in the global uranium market. The success of this initiative will depend on continued investment, technological innovation, and a commitment to sustainable mining practices.

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