GM’s $625 Million Investment in Thacker Pass: A Game-Changer for U.S. Lithium Supply
General Motors and Lithium Americas Join Forces in $625 Million Deal to Accelerate the Development of Nevada's Thacker Pass Lithium Project
Editorial Team (ET)September 24, 2025
As the world transitions toward a more sustainable future, lithium has become a cornerstone of clean energy technologies. Lithium-ion batteries power everything from smartphones to electric vehicles (EVs), and the demand for this critical mineral is set to skyrocket. Thacker Pass, located in Humboldt County, Nevada, holds the largest known lithium resource in the United States, making it a strategic asset in the race to secure domestic lithium supply.
GM and Lithium Americas: Strengthening a Partnership
General Motors, a global leader in automotive innovation, has recognized the importance of securing a reliable supply of lithium to fuel its electric vehicle ambitions. By partnering with Lithium Americas, GM is taking a significant step forward in establishing a robust, U.S.-based lithium supply chain. This joint venture builds upon a pre-existing relationship, with GM previously investing $320 million in Lithium Americas in February 2023.
The Role of Thacker Pass in U.S. Lithium Supply
The Thacker Pass project is set to play a pivotal role in securing the United States’ place as a leader in the global lithium supply chain. As EV adoption accelerates, the demand for lithium will continue to surge, and Thacker Pass offers a domestic solution to meet this rising demand. The project’s scale and strategic importance make it a critical component of both GM’s and Lithium Americas’ future plans.
Investment Breakdown
Under the terms of the joint venture, GM is committing $625 million to Thacker Pass. This investment includes $430 million in direct cash funding and $195 million through a letter of credit facility. GM’s financial contribution will be used to support the construction of Phase 1 of the project, which aims to bring lithium carbonate production online by mid-2025.
In addition to GM’s investment, Lithium Americas will contribute $387 million to the joint venture. This capital will be deployed to cover its 62% ownership stake in Thacker Pass, ensuring the company retains operational control over the project’s development. With both GM and Lithium Americas deeply invested, the joint venture is well-positioned to execute on its ambitious production goals.
One of the key benefits of GM’s $195 million letter of credit facility is that it fulfills the requirements set by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for a $2.3 billion loan. This federal loan, provided under the Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) Loan Program, is crucial for advancing the project to full-scale production.
Thacker Pass Project: A Vital Resource
Thacker Pass holds the largest measured and indicated lithium resource in North America, making it a critical part of the future U.S. lithium supply. With production expected to commence in 2025, Thacker Pass will be a game-changer for the U.S. EV battery industry.
The project is divided into two phases. Phase 1 focuses on establishing a production capacity of 40,000 tons per annum (tpa) of battery-grade lithium carbonate. Phase 2, expected to come online later, will expand production to meet growing market demands, including GM’s offtake agreements.
As with any large-scale mining project, Thacker Pass has faced its share of regulatory and environmental challenges. However, both GM and Lithium Americas have committed to addressing these issues with transparency, ensuring that the project complies with U.S. environmental regulations and sustainability goals.
Why This Deal Matters
One of the most significant outcomes of this joint venture is the security it provides for domestic lithium production. As the U.S. works to reduce its reliance on foreign imports of critical minerals, Thacker Pass will play a key role in achieving energy independence.
Lithium imports, particularly from China, have long been a concern for U.S. manufacturers. By securing a domestic source of lithium, GM and other U.S. automakers can reduce their vulnerability to supply chain disruptions and geopolitical risks.
The development of Thacker Pass is expected to create approximately 1,800 direct jobs, injecting a significant economic boost into the region. Additionally, the project will support broader economic growth through indirect job creation in industries like construction and logistics.
GM’s Strategic Interests
With the joint venture, GM is taking a proactive step in securing the materials necessary for its EV production goals. This investment aligns with GM’s long-term vision of an all-electric future, positioning the company to become a dominant player in the EV market.
The company’s commitment to Thacker Pass reflects its broader strategy to electrify its vehicle lineup. By 2035, GM aims to offer a range of electric models, and a secure lithium supply is essential to meeting this target.
GM has also extended its offtake agreement with Lithium Americas, ensuring that it will have access to lithium from Thacker Pass for 20 years. This long-term partnership provides GM with the resources it needs to maintain its competitive edge in the rapidly evolving EV market.
Conclusion
The joint venture between GM and Lithium Americas represents a significant step forward in securing the future of domestic lithium production. With $625 million in combined investments and support from the U.S. DOE, the Thacker Pass project is well-positioned to become a cornerstone of the U.S. lithium supply chain. This partnership not only strengthens GM’s commitment to electric vehicles but also highlights the critical role of lithium in the clean energy transition.
